The importance of collaboration between the product designer, 

the materials engineer and the dieprocess planner for cost 

effective mass reduction through the application of high 

strength steel isemphasized in this manual.

Stainless steels are iron-base alloys containing 10.5% or more

chromium. They have been used for many industrial, architectural,

chemical, and consumer applications for over a half century. Currently

there are being marketed a number of stainless steels originally

recognized by the American lron and Steel lnstitute (AISI) as standard

alloys. Also commercially available are proprietary stainless steels

with special characteristics.

Pantone Matching System (PMS), a proprietary color space

 used in a variety of industries notably graphic design, fashion design,

 product design, printing and manufacturing and supporting the management

 of color from design to production, in physical and digital formats

International standards are technical standards developed by

 international organizations (intergovernmental organizations), 

such as Codex Alimentarius in food, the World Health Organization

 Guidelines in health, or ITU Recommendations in ICT[1] and 

being publicly funded, are freely available for consideration 

and use worldwide.

Plastics have become an integral part of everyday life. It would be

difficult to identify a manufacturing process which does not use

plastics in one form or another. Even products which appear to be

composed exclusively of metals are usually coated, sealed, or

adhesively joined using polymeric materials which improve the

performance, appearance, and longevity of the metal products.